Dunder (Double under) methods are special methods in Python starting and ending with double underscores __
. These are also known as ‘magic methods’. There are many dunder methods, but add them as you learn about them.
__init__(self, ...)
: The constructor method, called when you create an object of a class. It’s used to initialize the object’s attributes.__str__(self)
: Defines how your object is represented as a string. Called when you usestr(object_name)
: Allows custom output of an object when printed.__main__
: Separates all code from the main part. All the functions in this.py
file can be imported into other files without themain
. If this particular file is run, thenmain
will also run.